Analysis of Data Leakage Prevention Solution

Analysis of Data Leakage Prevention Solution Anuja Vasant Kale, Vishwajeet Bajpayee, Shyam P Dubey ABSTRACT: In any organization or institution we have to deal with lots of data. Those data may contain confidential information about the customer, project related data, employee personal data etc. If such type of confidential data is leaked from the organization then it may affect on the organization health. Hence we have to enforce some policies in order to prevent data leakage. Data leakage is a loss of data which can be occurred on any storage device where the data is stored. There are two ways in which data can be leaked; if the system is hacked or if the internal resources intentionally or unintentionally make the data public. If the system is hacked then we have some existing technologies like antivirus, firewall etc which can prevent data from leakage. We will discuss here the second scenario where we provide data leakage prevention solutions. We make the use of a bayesian theorem for maintaining confidentiality of data in an organization. KEYWORDS: sensitive data, data leakage, internal attack, external attack, data leakage prevention, bayesian approach. Introduction Nowadays, Information Security became a vital and a major subject, especially with the spreading of information sharing among private and public networks for all organizations across different industrial sectors (e.g. telecom, banking, education all over the world). The importance of securing information is playing a significant role especially when sharing, distributing, accessing and publishing any information that had been classified as a sensitive, either for the organization itself or the clients who sharing their private information with the organization, such as information stored, shared, distributed and viewed through the electronic documents systems and/or images of paper documents systems widely used by a lot of organizations. Many of organizations have given a great deal of attention has been given to protecting their sensitive data from the outside threats by using a set of security countermeasures like: intrusion prevention systems, firewalls, and management of the vulnerability points inside them. So, organizations must now turn their attention to an equally critical situation that forms -for them- a great challenge today, that is: the problem of data leaking or loss from the inside. In fact, in many organizations there’s a gaping hole in controlling, monitoring, and protecting its business environment and electronic data assets from leaking or loss to the wrong individuals or groups intentionally or accidentally. This hole is the now ubiquitous in businesses, health, education organizations and individuals who need needed to communicate with each other over the Internet network. In our days, many of the electronic communications heavily used inside any organization for many purposes, for instance: local mail, instant messaging, web mail, data files transferring, and also organization website still go largely to different destinations without any limitations, monitoring, and controlling on its movements from the organization. Thus, the expected result for this issue is there is a big potential for the organization confidential information be falling into the wrong hands. Surely, from this significant point, the organization sensitive data should be protected very well, otherwise will be facing tragic results like: business loss, damaged reputation, bad publicity, loss of strategic customers, and loss of competitiveness with the other organizations. As a result, any organization using similar electronic document system must keep a close eye to secure sensitive data that had gone forth/back through this system or application to maintain reputation and business continuous, and ensure regulations, laws compliance, along with being different from others. One of the recent methodologies and technical solution has been raised to top is the Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) solution, which is basically protecting sensitive data of an organization from being viewed by wrong individuals, whether from outside or even inside the organization. This basically means that specific data can be viewed by only a specific set of an authorized individuals or groups for them. Related work As organizations progress into a more technological environment, the amount of digitally stored data increases dramatically. As a consequence, keeping track of where it is stored is no longer as easy as before. The modern workforce naturally creates and uses data sensitive to the organization to do their job. This data is then used across services such as email, business applications and cloud-services, as well as being accessed from multiple devices, including laptops and mobile phones. In many cases it is even hard for the users to manage the amount of data they deal with themselves, and the (ir) responsibility doesn’t end there. In addition, a user also needs to keep track of how sensitive data is and who should be allowed to access it. DLP is a recent type of security technology that works toward securing sensitive data in an automated and non-intrusive fashion. Through policies a DLP system automatically makes sure no sensitive data is stored, sent or accessed where it shouldn’t be, while still allowing users to use the tools and services they choose and need to fulfil their tasks. Unlike traditional white- and blacklisting, the DLP only blocks the actions where sensitive data is involved, e.g. sending e-mails is perfectly acceptable, but not if they contain sensitive data. DLP can also be set to handle different levels of sensitivity and document access control. To quote George Lawton: â€Å"DLP systems keep people from deliberately or inadvertently sending out sensitive material without authorization† [9]. In addition to protecting sensitive data, a modern DLP should be adaptive, mobile and as minimally intrusive as possible [7]. Adaptive means that it can work in different environments and be configured to meet the needs of a wide range of different businesses. Mobile means that it can still protect the data, even when the device is used outside the company network. The products today only fulfil this to a certain degree. DLP is still maturing, but unlike a few years ago, most vendors have standardized on the core functionality that defines a modern DLP solution. Proposed System In Today’s business world, many organizations use Information Systems to manage their sensitive and business critical information. The need to protect such a key component of the organization cannot be over emphasized. Data Loss/Leakage Prevention has been found to be one of the effective ways of preventing Data Loss. DLP solutions detect and prevent unauthorized attempts to copy or send sensitive data, both intentionally or/and unintentionally, without authorization, by people who are authorized to access the sensitive information.DLP is designed to detect potential data breach incidents in timely manner and this happens by monitoring data. Data Loss Prevention is found to be the data leakage/loss control mechanism that fits naturally with the organizational structure of businesses. It not only helps the organization protect structured data but it also helps protection and leakage prevention of unstructured data. In any organization or institution we have to maintain lots of sensitive data or confidential data. These data may contain the confidential information regarding the projects; customer privileged data or employee personal data; if such type of confidential data is leaked from the organization then it may affect on the organization health. Data leakage is a loss of data that occur on any device that stores data. It is a problem for anyone that uses a computer. Data loss happens when data may be physically or logically removed from the organization either intentionally or unintentionally. A data stored on any storage device can be leaked in two ways; if the system is hacked or if the internal resources intentionally or unintentionally make the data public. Hacking can be prevented by carefully configuring your Firewalls and other security devices. We will be discussing the second scenario i.e. if an internal resource makes the sensitive data public. Consider the possibility of an employee leaking the sensitive data. Now there are various ways in which data can leave the organization via internet, Email, webmail, FTP etc. Consider the possibility that an employee needs to forward the confidential data through Email or and uploading those files on to a server which can be accessed by outside world. Before reaching that confidential data to the unauthorized person we need to enforce some policies in order to avoid the violation of the organization health. To achieve the primary requirement is to scan the whole outbound traffic. We will maintain the DLP (data link prevention) server, which would scan the complete attachment to match the patterns. In case the patter matches, the attachment will be corrupted with the User designed message and an automated response E-mail will be sent out. This mechanism is shown in the figure below. Figure 3: The process of Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) mechanism. As shown in the above figure, there is an internal employee of the organization who is trying to send the confidential data via email. Now, before reaching that confidential data to the unauthorized person we need to enforce some policies. For that we are using the Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) Server. 3.1 Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) Server Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) is a computer security term which is used to identify, monitor, and protect data in use, data in motion, and data at rest [1]. DLP is used to identify sensitive content by using deep content analysis to per inside files and with the use if network communications. DLP is mainly designed to protect information assets in minimal interference in business processes. It also enforces protective controls to prevent unwanted incidents. DLP can also be used to reduce risk, and to improve data management practices and even lower compliance cost. DLP solution prevents confidential data loss by monitoring communications which goes outside of the organization, encrypting emails which contain confidential information. We are enabling conformity with global privacy and data security in securing outsourcing and partner communication. To check whether an email contains confidential data or not, DLP server makes the use of a Naive Bayes spam filtering. 3.2 Naive Bayes Algorithm Naà ¯ve Bayesian method is used for the learning process. Analyze a mail to calculate its probability of being a Spam using individual characteristic of words in the mail. For each word in the mail, calculate the following: S (w) = (number of Spam emails containing the word)/(total number of Spam emails) H (w) = (number of Ham emails containing the word)/(total number of Ham emails) P (w) = S(w)/(S(w)+H(w)) P (w) can be interpreted as the probability that a randomly chosen email containing the word w is Spam. Exceptions Say a word w =â€Å"success† appears only once and it is a Spam email. Then the above formula calculates P (w)=1. This doesn’t mean that all future mails containing this word will be considered as Spam. It will rather depend upon its degree of belief. The Bayesian method allows us to combine our intuitive background information with this collected data. Degree of belief f(w)= [(s*x)+(n*p(w))]/(s + n) s=Assumed strength of the background information. x= Assumed probability of the background information. n= no of emails received containing word w. Combining the probabilities Each email is represented by a set of probabilities. Combining these individual probabilities gives the overall indicator of spamminess. Fisher’s Method: H= Chi_inverse (-2*ln(Product of all(f(w)), 2*n) S= Chi_inverse (-2*ln(Product of all(1-f(w)), 2*n) I= [1+H-S]/2 Here, I is the Indicator of Spamminess. A Genetic Algorithm A mail can be divided into three parts: Body From Subject Genetic Algorithm can be used to get an appropriate weight say ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ² and ÃŽ ³ for â€Å"body† part, â€Å"from† part and â€Å"subject† part. IFinal= ÃŽ ±*IBody+ ÃŽ ²*IFrom+ ÃŽ ³*ISubject The overall accuracy is a function of ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ² and ÃŽ ³. Genetic Algorithm maximize the above function. Advantages of Bayesian Method Bayesian approach is self adapting. It keeps learning from the new spams. Bayesian method takes whole message into account. Bayesian method is easy to use and very accurate (Claimed Accuracy Percentage is 97). Bayesian approach is multi-lingual. Reduces the number of false positives. Conclusion Sensitive Data leaking prevention became one of the most pressing security issues facing Organizations today. The most effective solution to the problem is to see Data Leakage Prevention solution (DLP) as a part of your overall security problem. This solution can be fully integrated with other security tools within organization, to form a comprehensive security strategy plan to protect these data properly. Data Leakage Prevention (DLP) solution can be used effectively in reducing intentional sensitive data leakage actions, through monitoring user’s actions and protecting three groups of organizations data: data at rest, data in use, and data in motion. This solution can be regarded as â€Å"integrated† through achieving two main phases [two layers of defence]: protecting sensitive data and securing sensitive data of organization alike. The organization also needs to create an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) for users, and at the same time ensuring both are compliant with or ganization policies. To avoid getting broad sided by a data leakage, organizations must evaluate their vulnerabilities and respond appropriately by many ways like: Endpoints protection, Gateway protection, and encryption data. References. [1]RichardE.Mackey,Available:http://viewer.media.bitpipe.com/1240246133_118/1258558418_168/sCompliance_sSecurity_Data- Protection_final.pdf [2] Bradley R. Hunter, Available: http://www.ironport.com/pdf/ironport_dlp_booklet.pdf [3]Webspy,Available:http://www.webspy.com/resources/whitepapers/2008 WebSpy Ltd Information Security and Data Loss Prevention.pdf [4] Data loss problems, Available: http://www.webspy.com/reso urces/whitepapers/2009WebSpy Ltd-Information Security and Data Loss Prevention.pdf [5] Report, the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative, Available: http://www.ustr.gov/about -us/press- office/reports-and-publications/archive [6] Lubich, H.P; â€Å"The changing roel of IT security in an Internet world, a business perspective†; Available: http://www.terena.nl/conference/archieve/tnc2000/proceedings/2A/2a2.html [7]Sithirasenan, E.;Muthukkumarasamy, V., â€Å"Word N-Gram Based Classification for Data Leakage Prevention†, Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom), 2013 12th IEEE International Conference on 16-18 July 2013, 578 – 585, Melbourne, VIC, 13971211, 10.1109/TrustCom.2013.71. [8]Pham, D.V. Threat analysis of portable hack tools from USB storage devices and protection solutions, IEEE ISBN: 978-1-4244-8001-2 [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_loss_prevention_software [10]http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/enterprise-networks/data-loss-prevention/index .html [11] Bai Xiaoping; Wei Yuanfeng; , Study on the signal detection and simulation of universal serial bus 2.0 IP core circuit system, SoutheastCon, 2007. Proceedings. IEEE , vol., no., pp.59-62, 22-25 March 2007 [12] S. Jithesh and U. Naveen, Improved key management methodology for enhanced media security in IMS networks, New York, US: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2007, pp. 903-907. [13] AK. Gupta, U. Chandrashekhar, S.V. Sabnis and F.A, Building secure products and solutions, Bell Labs Technical Journal, Hoboken, US: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2007.3, pp. 21-38 [14] R.A. Shaikh, S. Rajput, S.M.H. Zaidi and K. Sharif, Comparative analysis and design philosophy of next generation unified enterprise application security, Piscataway, US: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society, 2005, pp. 517-524. [15] Data Leakage Prevention A newsletter for IT Professionals Issue 5. [16] Data Leakage Detection SandipA.Kale1, Prof. S.V.Kulkarni2 Department Of CSE, MIT College of Engg, Aurangabad, Dr.B.A.M.University, Aurangabad (M.S), India1, [17] Journal Of Information, Knowledge And Research In Computer Engineering Issn: 0975 – 6760| Nov 12 To Oct 13 | Volume – 02, Issue – 02| Page 534 Data Leakage Detection Nikhil Chaware 1,Prachi Bapat 2, Rituja Kad 3, Archana Jadhav 4, Prof.S.M.Sangve Copyright to IJIRCCE www.ijircce.com 1

Meaning of life †Existentialism Essay

? Throughout the story, Grendel is trying to find the meaning of life. He is trying to understand the purpose of living, and was looking for something to steer him in the right direction. In Chapter five, when Grendel finally meets the dragon, he finally believes that he has found the meaning of life. Grendel begins his life by being an existentialist. He was basically alone when he was young, and was left to figure out the world around him with no help. It was confusing to him, and that is how he developed the idea of existentialism. He believed that he alone existed. Existentialism stresses freedom of choice, and he had the power to do whatever he wanted to do, so it made sense. He eventually realizes that he does not control the world when he says, â€Å"I think, trying to suck in breath, and all that I do not see is useless, void. (Pg. 29)† After coming to this realization, Grendel looks for a different meaning to life. He then listens to the Shaper, who tells lies to make the Danes feel better about themselves and have a meaning to life. As much as he wants to believe the Shaper and live his life according to what he says, Grendel felt too ashamed believing in lies to do so. He decided that he would rather be an outcast if that was what it took to find the truth. He believed that he had found truth after talking to the dragon. The dragon is a nihilist. He sees no purpose in life. He claims to know everything, â€Å"the beginning, the present, and the end. (Pg. 62)† His basis behind nihilism is that everything eventually comes to an end, even himself. He thinks that there is no point in trying to better mankind because in the end it won’t matter. In the dragon’s mind, we are all fighting a lost cause, and there so there is no point in trying. He puts down humans, and especially the Shaper. He says that the shaper is just giving the Danes an illusion, and does not know any more than they do. The only important thing for the dragon is finding gold. The dragon tells all of this to Grendel, who is at first skeptical of what he is hearing. He began to take the dragon more seriously when the dragon says that humans needed him in order to think and scheme and that Grendel caused humans to have science and religion. This gave Grendel the identity that he had been looking for: â€Å"I was Grendel, Ruiner of Meadhalls, Wrecker of Kings. (Pg. 80)† Grendel became on board with nihilism. He now became â€Å"enraged† when he heard the Shaper tell his lies and felt like he was giving the Danes a purpose when he killed them, which only caused him to kill more. Grendel thought that he had found his purpose in life, although it ended up leading to his death. His belief in nihilism made him not stop killing, and also believe that he was important to the Danes. He believed that him killing Beowulf would be good for the Danes, and that is why he tried to kill him. Beowulf ended up killing Grendel. Had Grendel changed his views he would not have gotten killed by Beowulf and everyone would have been better off.

Overview of the Country of Georgia

Technically located in Asia but having a European feel, the country of Georgia is a republic that was formerly part of the Soviet Union. It obtained its independence on April 9, 1991, when the USSR disbanded. Prior to that, it was called the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic. Fast Facts: Georgia Capital: TbilisiPopulation: 4.003 million  (2018)Official Languages: Georgian, AbkhazCurrency: Lari (GEL)Form of Government: Semi-presidential republicClimate: Warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coastTotal Area: 26,911 square miles (69,700 square kilometers)Highest Point: Mta Shkhara at 17,038 feet (5,193 meters)Lowest Point: Black Sea at 0 feet (0 meters) Major Cities More than half of the population of the country lives in urban areas, including its capital of Tbilisi (population 1 million, 2018 estimate), Batumi, and Kutaisi. Government The government of Georgia is a republic, and it has a unicameral (one chamber) legislature (parliament). The leader of Georgia is president Giorgi Margvelashvili, with Giorgi Kvirikashvili serving as prime minister. People of Georgia The population of Georgia is about 4 million people but there is a declining population growth rate, coming in at 1.76 fertility rate (2.1 is the population replacement level). Major ethnic groups in Georgia include the Georgians, at almost 87 percent; Azeri, 6 percent (from Azerbaijan); and Armenian, at 4.5 percent. All others make up the remainder, including Russians, Ossetians, Yazidis, Ukrainians, Kists (an ethnic group primarily living in the Pankisi Gorge region), and Greeks. Languages The languages spoken in Georgia include Georgian, which is the countrys official language. The Georgian language is thought to have origins in ancient Aramaic and sounds (and looks) distinct and unlike any other languages. The BBC notes, Some consonants, for example, are pronounced from the back of the throat with a sudden guttural puff of air. Other languages spoken in Georgia include Azeri, Armenian, and Russian, but the official language of the Abkhazia region is Abkhaz. Religion The country of Georgia is 84 percent Orthodox Christian and 10 percent Muslim. Christianity became the official religion in the fourth century, though its location near the Ottoman and Persian empires and Mongols made it a battleground for influence there. Geography Georgia is strategically located in the Caucasus Mountains, and its highest point is Mount  Shkhara, at 16,627 feet (5,068 m). The country occasionally suffers from earthquakes, and one-third of the country is forested. Coming in at 26,911 square miles (69,700 sq km), it is slightly smaller than South Carolina and borders Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Turkey, and the Black Sea. As would be expected, population density decreases with an increase in altitude, as the climate becomes more inhospitable and atmosphere thinner. Less than 2 percent of the population of the world lives above 8,000 feet. Climate Georgia has a pleasant Mediterranean, subtropical kind of climate in lower elevations and at the coast due to its latitudinal location along the Black Sea and protection from cold weather from the north via the Caucasus Mountains. Those mountains also give the country additional climates based on elevation, as at moderately high elevations, there is an alpine climate, without much of a summer. At the highest, there is snow and ice year-round. The countrys southeastern regions are the driest, as the rain amounts increase the closer one gets to the sea. Economy Georgia, with its pro-Western views and developing economy, hopes to join both NATO and the European Union. Its currency is the Georgian lari. Its agricultural products include grapes (and wine), sugar beets, tobacco, plants for essential oils, citrus fruits, and hazelnuts. People also raise bees, silkworms, poultry, sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs. About half of the economy comes from agricultural products, employing about one-quarter of the working population. Mining includes manganese, coal, talc, marble, copper, and gold, and the country also has various small industries, such as chemicals/fertilizer. History In the first century, Georgia was under the dominion of the Roman Empire. After time spent under the Persian, Arab, and Turkish empires, it had its own golden age in the 11th through 13th centuries. Then the Mongols came. Next, the Persian and Ottoman Empires each wanted to dominate the area. In the 1800s, it was the Russian Empire that took over. After a brief period of independence following the Russian Revolution, the country was absorbed into the USSR in 1921. In 2008, Russia and Georgia fought five days over the breakaway region of South Ossetia in the north. It and Abkhazia have long been outside of the control of the Georgian government. They have their own de-facto governments, are supported by Russia, and thousands of Russian troops are still occupying the region. South Ossetia had claimed independence from Georgia in the 1990s, creating a need for peacekeeping troops after some sporadic fighting. Abkhazia had also declared its independence, though both regions are technically still part of Georgia as far as most of the world is concerned. Russia has recognized their independence but also has built military bases there that fly the Russian flag, and its military has put up border fencing around peoples homes, through peoples fields, and in the middle of towns. The village of Khurvaleti (700 people) is split between Russian-controlled land and that which is under Georgian control.

Violence in America The Representation of Violence in...

In America, violence has always been an integral part of national culture. Crime and bloodshed, euphemized through use of â€Å"action† (this has a source) plots, are glorified both on and off screen. The more disturbing the act of violence, the more enthralled the public seems. The most prolific of crimes, those committed by infamous serial killers, inspire the most attention. As said by Jeff Lindsay, creator of the book series that inspired the wildly-popular television program, Dexter, â€Å"We’re sickened and disgusted, but we need to know. And the more we know about the scene, the more we really are horrified† (â€Å"Sympathy for the Devils†). Violence, especially committed by this special class of felons, is enthralling. News reports play a role in this strange attraction, as it is through the news that people even have knowledge of such killers, but the evolution in the â€Å"serial killer genre† (Lindsay, â€Å"Sympathy for the Devils†) of film and television helps to desensitize people to the gruesome murders that are committed. This begs the question of whether this disturbing trend should be stopped, lest the American â€Å"culture of violence† (this has a source) continues to grow stronger. Through news reports, film, and television, criminals are constantly romanticized through use of sympathetic characterization and gratuitous depictions of their crimes, which lends to peoples’ incr easingly positive attitudes toward violence and, in turn, feeds the growing culture of violence in America.Show MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On American Culture1256 Words   |  6 PagesMedia includes broadcasting mediums such as newspapers, magazines, TV, radio, billboards, direct mail, telephone, fax, and internet. 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